Learning the basic terminology of a deck structure can be helpful when you are looking for material or asking for help. This post is aimed at getting you familiar with the core components.
Notice: This document does not replace your local building inspector or engineer when it comes codes relevant to your local jurisdiction. It is meant to introduce you to concepts you should be familiar with when starting a project. No warranty is provided. In this document we reference the 2021 International Residential Code (IRC).
Construction Types
There are a couple of main construction approaches to decks. Drop beam decks have beams set on posts that run perpendicular to the joists and provide support for the joists.
Joists
Joists are the structural elements that directly support the deck boards. Pressure treated 2×8 pressure lumber is often the material of choice. The type of wood will dictate the span you can bridge with a given dimension choice.
Rim Joists
Rim joists are the board running perpendicular to the joists and provide support against the joists rolling. They are also known as band joists.
Ledger
In a deck that uses a member attached to the home for support, this member is called a ledger board. Joists are typically attached to the ledger using joist hangers.
Joist Hangers
Joist hangers are used to provide vertical support to joists where a beam is not bearing the weight.
Posts
Posts provide the connection between the deck frame and footings.